A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the basic DIMENSIONS affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 DIMENSIONS. The importance of these DIMENSIONS in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in DIMENSIONS (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. DIMENSIONS, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 DIMENSIONS, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping DIMENSIONS. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 DIMENSIONS should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Aim and Background: The main purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness of applied BEHAVIORAL analysis (ABA) approach on symptoms of autistic children during a five-year period.Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 autistic children (3-7 years of age) were intervened by ABA approach at Isfahan Center of Autism for a period of five years (2007-12). Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) was filled out at baseline and at the end of the five-year period. Besides, the subjects were assessed by a checklist including cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help at the beginning of the study and at the end of each year. After five years, all collected data was analyzed with SPSS19.Findings: Pretest and the posttest values of stereotypic behaviors, communication problems, social interactions, and GARS total scores were significantly different (P<0.001). Furthermore, significant improvements in cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help were observed after each year and at the end of the five-year period (P<0.001).Conclusions: On the whole, it can be concluded that ABA-based interventions can effectively reduce symptoms of autism and increase skills.

The problem of perceived quality by customers is an important topic that had been concentrated by service companies. Because presenting service with excellent quality lead to strong competitive advantage such as increasing customer’s satisfaction and loyalty for companies. This research identifies DIMENSIONS of perceived quality and investigates effect of these DIMENSIONS on attitudinal and BEHAVIORAL loyalty and also moderating role of attitudinal loyalty between 267 life insured of Saman Company in Tehran city. Based on exploratory factor analysis three independent latent variables including tangibles attributes, hard attributes (technical dimension) and soft attributes (functional dimension) as perceived quality’s DIMENSIONS and two dependent latent variables including attitudinal loyalty and BEHAVIORAL loyalty are identified. Measurement models of dependent and independent variables are accepted via confirmatory factor analysis. To test hypotheses, correlation analysis and structural equations are used that results show service tangibles attributes do not have significant effect on insured’s attitudinal and BEHAVIORAL loyalty. Service hard attributes (technical dimension) have positive and significant effect on insured’s attitudinal and BEHAVIORAL loyalty and finally service soft attributes (functional dimension) indirectly via attitudinal loyalty have positive and significant effect on insured’s BEHAVIORAL loyalty.

Performance management is one of the most recent developments in human resources management. One of the most important aspects of successful implementation of employee performance management is organizational behavior. However, comprehensive analysis of key BEHAVIORAL DIMENSIONS in successful implementation of employee performance management has not been done in literature of this field. In this research, first of all five key DIMENSIONS of organizational behavior were identified by studying the literature of research. Then in the qualitative part of the research, by implementation of interviews with 16 experts, data were extracted in conceptual model through a thematic analysis. In quantitive section, by distributing questionnaire among 200 managers and staff, the data were gathered and It analyzed by factor analysis in Amos software. The results of goodness of fit indices, has been confirmed the validity of the model. At the end of study, the current status of the under study organization was analyzed in each dimension of the model by using the SPSS software.

Background & Aims: The advancement of technology has been the engine of the development of human society since the beginning of civilization. Over time, economists' concerns have evolved in parallel with the evolution of technology. So far, this evolution has been marked by four major leaps, known as industrial revolutions, triggered by major inventions. These inventions include the steam engine, then electricity, digitization, and the use of information technology, which led to significant advances in information and communication technologies at the end of the 20th century, along with the emergence and mass dissemination of the Internet, which led to the fourth industrial revolution. Today, business and labor markets are dynamic and unpredictable, and organizational technological changes happen quickly. The Internet of Things is one of the new changes and an important issue in these BEHAVIORAL changes of employees with latest technologies and changes in processes. The current research was conducted to identify the DIMENSIONS and indicators of the adaptation model of employees' behavior in the fourth industrial revolution. Methods: In this research, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has been used. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part of this research is 15 people selected from these two expert groups and their opinions are used during the Delphi and AHP hierarchical analysis stages. These people include university professors (scientific experts) and senior managers. The assistants, middle managers, and senior experts of the parent company of Tavanir are (practical experts) who have the expertise (scientific experts) and sufficient experience (practical experts) in the field of the research subject, and their opinions have been used during the Delphi and AHP hierarchical analysis stages. People who have a master's degree or higher in the fields of human resource management or organizational behavior are included in this list. The tool of data collection was a semi-structured interview (Delphi method) and a quantitative researcher questionnaire, whose validity was checked and confirmed by experts and professors. The researcher-made questionnaire has a suitable reliability with Cronbach's alpha test. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the validity of the factor. Also, after checking the validity of the questionnaire questions through confirmatory factor analysis, in order to check the effects between the research variables, the structural equation model was used using SMART PLS software Results: The results obtained are as follows: in the first stage, with a qualitative approach and a content analysis method with a category system (coding), 38 concept codes were obtained, and after categorizing the concept codes, 33 indicators were identified. These 33 indicators were formulated under 6 main components attitude towards behavior, mental norms, usage experience, cognitive processes, BEHAVIORAL motivation, and Internet of Things. In the second step, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared with a quantitative approach, and its validity and reliability were evaluated. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the competencies of the mother company of Tavanir Specialty show that the BEHAVIORAL compatibility of employees includes 33 indicators and 6 DIMENSIONS. The attitude to behavior dimension has 6 components, Then the mental norms also have 5 components, The use experience dimension also has 6 components, The dimension of cognitive processes also has 5 components, The dimension of BEHAVIORAL motivation also has 6 components, In terms of Internet of Things, 5 components have been identified and determined. The results of data analysis show that most of the experts agree with the 6 DIMENSIONS of the BEHAVIORAL adaptation model of employees including attitude towards behavior, mental norms, usage experience, BEHAVIORAL motivation, cognitive processes, and Internet of Things, and believe that these 6 DIMENSIONS can fully and comprehensively represent The BEHAVIORAL adaptation model of employees in the fourth industrial revolution with an emphasis on the Internet of Things. The results of exploratory factor analysis in order to investigate and identify the main factors and to discover and reveal special characteristics and relationships between them are presented below. These factors should be able to satisfactorily explain the observed correlations (or covariances) between the observed variables. One of the most common ways to determine the identification of appropriate factors is to use the matrix eigenvalue statistic, which indicates the amount of variance that is determined by a factor from the total variance in the set of primary variables. In other words, the specific value of each factor is the value of the variance of all questions explained by that factor. The higher this value is, the more variance the factor explains. Factors whose eigenvalue is 1 or more are the best factors. An eigenvalue less than one indicates that that factor only accounts for a small amount of the total variance, that is, less than what is estimated by a variable (questionnaire question). The purpose of factor analysis is to explain a large number of variables based on a main structure with fewer elements. For this reason, an eigenvalue less than one is often not taken into consideration and it seems that this factor is caused by error. Conclusion: In general, according to the results of the study, it can be stated that the indicators of the compatibility model of the employees' behavior and the motivation dimension are of high importance. Considering that BEHAVIORAL motivation was recognized as the most important dimension of the BEHAVIORAL adaptation model of employees, to improve the BEHAVIORAL adaptation of employees, it is suggested to identify the expectations of the employees from the changes made and to act in order to fulfill them or provide a logical justification for it. Facilitate work processes for employees to be more accepted. For the acceptance of technology and greater BEHAVIORAL adaptation of employees with it, it is suggested to explain the capabilities of technology in the field of improving the conditions of performing duties for employees. The work environment should be equipped with technological services and health, and have standards such as proper light. These characteristics make a person solve new challenges and problems with mastery and an appropriate spirit when changes occur. Employees are always very concerned about their jobs and psychological security. In fact, no employee wants economic changes and disturbances to affect his work. In such a situation, the person will have job compatibility. Because he does not want to change his work. As an elite senior manager, you should be able to strengthen the psychological and job security of your employees and guarantee them a bright future. An experienced senior manager assigns job descriptions to employees according to their talents and motivations. In fact, achieving job compatibility depends on paying special attention to people's abilities, attitudes, and, of course, time planning. Certainly, comprehensive satisfaction with the job position makes the self-willed person adapt more to new situations and inevitable changes.

Introduction: Marriage is considered the most significant event in an individual’s life and the most fundamental human connection. Objective: The present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-BEHAVIORAL therapy (CBT) on the DIMENSIONS of emotional reactivity and brain-BEHAVIORAL systems in individuals prone to extramarital relationships. Method: This research was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of married women prone to extramarital relationships referring to psychological counseling centers in the city of Babol during the first quarter of 2023. A sample of 30 individuals was selected using a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups: Experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The Emotional Reactivity Scale (Nock et al., 2008), the BEHAVIORAL Inhibition System/BEHAVIORAL Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales (Carver and White, 1994), and the Cognitive Therapy Protocol (Epstein and Baucom, 2002) were used for eight 90-minute sessions to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS version 24 was employed to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of DIMENSIONS and factors of emotional reactivity and brain-BEHAVIORAL systems (BIS/BAS) (P=0. 001). The results of the covariance analysis demonstrated revealed that CBT increased BIS scores and decreased BAS and emotional reactivity scores. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that CBT has a positive impact on the brain-BEHAVIORAL systems and emotional reactivity of individuals prone to extramarital relationships.

There are different therapy approaches used by family therapy researchers over the years to evaluate their reliability and effect in couples. Bernstein's approach of BEHAVIORAL-communication is one of these approaches. Accordingly, the current research aimed to survey the effectiveness of BEHAVIORAL-communication couple therapy in improving DIMENSIONS of marital adjustment among infertile couples. This quasi-experimental research was designed as pretest-posttest and employed control group. 40 couples referring to the Gynecology centers was selected through convenience sampling method and assigned into two groups of experimental and control. At the beginning of the study, pretest was performed on both groups and then, an intervention (based on Berneshtain BEHAVIORAL-communication couple therapy) was conducted during 10 sessions of 90 minutes (one session per week). After completion of the treatment program, the posttest was performed. Also, the follow-up stage was performed on both groups 2.5 months later to evaluate the stability of therapeutic intervention. The tool used in this research was Spinner adjustment questionnaire. The results showed that after BEHAVIORAL communication training, a significant difference was observed in the DIMENSIONS of marital adjustment among infertile couples between the experimental and control groups. The results showed that couple therapy with BEHAVIORAL communication method is effective in increasing adjustment and its DIMENSIONS. In fact, this study showed that BEHAVIORAL-communication couple therapy increased agreement among infertile couples by improving communication skills and reducing conflicts.

Background and Aim: The cosmetic surgery is one of the prevalent phenomenons in recent decades. Body image is a key factor for interest in cosmetic surgery, but body image is a multidimensional concept and all its DIMENSIONS should be studied. This study aimed to study cognitive, emotional and BEHAVIORAL DIMENSIONS of body image in women interested in cosmetic surgery. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research with causal-comparative method. A sample of 600 female students, age 18 to 35 years, were selected from universities in Tehran by using multi-stage cluster random sampling methid, who completed a set of questionnaires including "Beliefs About Appearance Scale (BAAS)", "Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS)", "the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory (BICSI)" and Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The students who were interested in cosmetic surgery got a higher score in components of body investment as cognitive dimension and body dissatisfaction as emotional dimension. Among the three BEHAVIORAL components of body image, there was significant difference only in appearance fixing coping (P<0. 0001) and there were no significant differences in acceptance and avoidant strategies between students. Conclusion: All of the cognitive, emotional and BEHAVIORAL DIMENSIONS of body image are important in cosmetic surgery, and women interested in cosmetic surgery not only had body dissatisfaction, but also had dysfunctional attitudes about appearance important in interpersonal relationships, personal achievement and self-concept, and used strategies based on body modification. These findings can be used in prevention and intervention programs.

Background and Objectives: The relationship between psychological factors and heart disease is one of the subjects that are being investigated in health psychology. In this regard the following research was designed to investigate the relationship among brain/ BEHAVIORAL systems and personality DIMENSIONS with coronary heart disease. It may enhance our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms behind these factors.Materials and Methods: In this study, two groups of subjects (62 coronary heart disease patients and 62 healthy controls) were compared with one another based on their scores in Eysenck. s personality questionnaire and Corver and Whit.s BIS/BAS questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: There was a positive relation between BAS and extroversion and a negative relation between BAS and neuroticism (P<0/01). Also there was a positive significant relation between BIS and neuroticism and negative relation between that and extroversion. There was no significant relation between BIS/BAS and pesychoticism. Findings showed that the CHD patients differed from healthy controls in the level of neuroticism and extroversion (P<0/01).And there was significant relation between CHD patients and healthy controls in BIS/BAS systems (P<0/01). According to the results of the research, sexuality has not significant relation with BIS/BAS subscales and personality DIMENSIONS.Conclusion: The results showed that the psychological factors have a significant relation with CHD.